Le Corbusier

Swiss-French painter, urbanist, and architect whose *Vers une architecture* (1923) became modernism's manifesto. Major built works: Villa Savoye (1931), Unité d'habitation Marseille (1952), the city of Chandigarh (1953–66), Notre-Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1955).

His "Five Points" — pilotis, free plan, free façade, horizontal windows, roof garden — codified what a modern building should be. The later *béton brut* of Ronchamp and the Indian capitol launched Brutalism.

The Pritzker Prize did not exist in his lifetime. UNESCO inscribed seventeen of his buildings across seven countries as a single transnational World Heritage Site (2016).